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That olive oil sitting on your shelf may lose up to 40% of its health benefits if it’s been there for six months, according to a study presented in the March Journal of Food Science, published by the Institute of Food Technologists.

The study analyzed several varieties of extra-virgin olive oil produced from groves in the Italian countryside at production and during storage. After three months of storage, the antioxidant activity in the oils remained unchanged. However, antioxidants decreased by about 40% for almost all of the oils after six months.

“The protective role of virgin olive oil is the result of its specific composition including phenolic compounds known to act as antioxidants,” says lead researcher Antonella Baiano of the University of Foggia in Italy. The health benefits of extra-virgin olive oil may include preventing conditions related to coronary disease, stroke and certain types of cancers.

Researchers recommend consumers store extra virgin olive oil in small glass bottles (one liter maximum because the oxygen contained in the headspace determines its oxidation), in a dark location, at a temperature lower than 68-77°F (20-25°C).

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Labels: antioxidants, cooking oil, extra-virgin olive oil, healthy diet, Mediterranean Diet, study, virgin olive oil

Did you know that countries where people use olive oil regularly, especially in place of other fats, have much lower rates of heart disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, colon cancer, and asthma?

These countries enjoy a Mediterranean-style diet, which studies continue to uncover as being among the healthiest in the world. For example one study which followed participants for over six years discovered that those most closely following a Mediterranean 'olive oil and salad' dietary pattern had a 50% reduced risk of overall mortality! Another study published in the British Journal of Nutrition suggests that the naturally high concentration of phenolic compounds with their antioxidant properties found in extra-virgin olive oil, (that is properly cold pressed and stored in opaque containers), may be one of the key reasons for the lower incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease in the Mediterranean region.

The monounsaturated fats in olive oil have also been found to be used by the body to produce substances which are relatively anti-inflammatory. By reducing inflammation, these fats can help reduce the severity of arthritis symptoms, and may be able to prevent or reduce the severity of asthma. And not least of all, let's not forget it's great flavor!

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Labels: anti-inflammatory, eating healthy, extra-virgin olive oil, Mediterranean Diet, monounsaturated fat

It’s no surprise that the Mediterranean diet is linked to good health. Small reliance on meat and scant use of butter limit the saturated fat that raises blood cholesterol and possibly promotes development of some cancers.

The Mediterranean diet includes a large proportion of fish, which is rich in omega-3 fats that reduce inflammation, which seems to raise both heart and cancer risks. An abundance of fruits, vegetables and beans provides the many different phytochemicals that protect blood vessels and guard cells against cancer-causing substances. Now, studies show that olive oil may bolster each one of these benefits.

Originally, scientists thought olive oil’s primary benefit was its monounsaturated fat.

Because 75% of the fatty acid “building blocks” that make up olive oil come from monounsaturated fat, and only 13% from saturated fat, it’s easy to see why blood cholesterol goes down when olive oil replaces butter and high-fat meat as the main source of fat. Analysis relates olive oil to the Mediterranean diet’s link with lower blood pressure, as well.

Olive oil also offers several health advantages over more polyunsaturated vegetable oils. Monounsaturated oils seem to cause less production of the bile acids in the digestive tract that promote colon cancer development.

Because monounsaturated fat is more stable than polyunsaturated fat, it is less likely to generate the free radicals that create harmful blood cholesterol (“LDL”). LDL damages blood vessels and can create changes in genes that may lead to cancer. Finally, although olive oil does not provide the healthful omega-3 fat found in seafood, it does strengthen omega-3’s anti-inflammatory effects.

Research now shows that many of olive oil’s health benefits may actually come from the more than 30 plant compounds it contains. These compounds’ antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects promote heart health and protect against cancer.

Choose least processed
Olive oil compounds also increase enzymes that block activation of carcinogens and improve their removal from the body. These compounds appear to slow development of cancer cells and increase their self-destruction. While many of these benefits have been seen in laboratory studies rather than controlled human intervention trials, they are supported by what we see in population studies of the Mediterranean diet.

All types of olive oil provide the monounsaturated fat linked with health benefits, but to get the highest levels of the protective plant compounds, choose “extra virgin” or “virgin” oil, the least processed forms. Store it away from light and heat to maintain phytochemical content.

“Pure” olive oil is still high in monounsaturated fat, but has lost protective plant compounds in refining. “Light” olive oil is lighter in flavor and color, not fat or calorie content.

Some people may choose light olive oil for baking or recipes where an olive oil flavor is undesirable, but so many of the protective phytochemicals have been removed in refining those versions that canola oil may be a healthier alternative. (Canola oil also provides some omega-3 fat and more vitamin E.)

From a cook’s perspective, olive oil may not be the best choice for cooking at a high temperature. The sediment naturally found in extra virgin olive oil can make it more likely to burn or smoke. Canola and peanut oils have a higher smoke point.

No single oil is the best choice in all situations, but research now shows that olive oil is a major component of the Mediterranean diet’s healthy reputation.

Nutrition Notes is provided by the American Institute for Cancer Research in Washington, D.C.© 2006 MSNBC Interactive

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Labels: cancer, eating healthy, extra-virgin olive oil, healthy diet, Mediterranean Diet, olive oil, Omega-3s, phytochemicals, study